退火工艺对激光选区熔化成形Ti6Al4V合金组织及室温力学性能的影响

以Ti6Al4V球形粉末为原料,利用激光选区熔化成形方法制备了Ti6Al4V合金试样,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及力学性能测试等手段,研究了退火工艺对Ti6Al4V合金室温力学性能及组织的影响规律。结果表明: SLM成形沉积态Ti6Al4V合金室温抗拉强度超过1200 MPa,而平均断后伸长率仅为4.0%;在650 ℃下进行真空退火处理,合金的抗拉强度仍保持在1200 MPa左右,规定塑性延伸强度R_p0.2高于1150 MPa,但试样的断后伸长率<10%;而在750及800 ℃下进行真空退火处理,合金试样的抗拉强度降至1100 MPa左右,规定塑性延伸强度高于1050 MPa,伸长率达到甚至超过10%,材料的综合强韧性得到明显提升。随着真空退火加热温度和保温时间的增加,SLM成形Ti6Al4V合金原始β晶界逐渐变模糊,晶粒趋向于等轴化。与此同时,快速冷却转变的α′针状马氏体未出现明显地粗化。     

Selective Analysis of Sulfur-Containing Species in a Heavy Crude Oil by Deuterium Labeling Reactions and Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry

A heavy crude oil has been treated with deuterated alkylating reagents (CD₃I and C₂D₅I) and directly analyzed without any prior fractionation and chromatographic separation by high-field Orbitrap Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (FTMS) and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) using electrospray ionization (ESI). The reaction of a polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) dibenzothiophene (DBT), in the presence of silver tetrafluoroborate (AgBF₄) with ethyl iodide (C₂H₅I) in anhydrous dichloroethane (DCE) was optimized as a sample reaction to study heavy crude oil mixtures, and the reaction yield was monitored and determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR). The obtained conditions were then applied to a mixture of standard aromatic CH-, N-, O- and S-containing compounds and then a heavy crude oil, and only sulfur-containing compounds were selectively alkylated. The deuterium labeled alkylating reagents, iodomethane-d₃ (CD₃I) and iodoethane-d₅ (C₂D₅I), were employed to the alkylation of heavy crude oil to selectively differentiate the tagged sulfur species from the original crude oil.     

玉门减压深拔减五线生产微晶蜡的工艺研究及应用

对玉门减压深拔减五线生产微晶蜡的工艺进行了研究并进行了工业应用,生产结果表明:以减压深拔减五线为原料经酮苯脱蜡脱油、白土精制生产微晶蜡,操作过程平稳,酮苯脱蜡脱油过程过滤速度较快,脱蜡油和粗蜡的平均收率可达到78.24%。微晶蜡产品质量符合SH/T 0013-1999标准要求。     

重整生成油选择性加氢脱烯烃 Pd基催化剂的研究

 研究了负载在Al₂O₃载体上的贵金属钯(Pd)基催化剂在重整生成油选择性加氢脱烯烃反应中的性能。在高压微反装置上，采用环己烯、甲苯和正庚烷的混合物为模拟油来评价筛选催化剂，并对不同工业原料油进行加氢试验。结果表明，在现有工业上常用的工艺条件下，采用Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂进行重整生成油全馏分的选择性加氢，不能满足产品质量要求。其原因是高沸点馏分强吸附在催化剂表面，从而导致催化剂失活。在适宜的工艺条件下，采用Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂进行连续重整汽油BTX 馏分选择性加氢脱烯烃，可以使加氢汽油满足芳烃抽提进料的质量要求。添加助剂对Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂进行改进，可以大大提高催化剂的稳定性。改进后的双金属Pd基催化剂(Pd+M/Al₂O₃)可用于不同原料的重整生成油（苯(C6)馏分、BTX(C6~C9)馏分、全馏分）的选择性加氢脱烯烃反应。加氢反应产物的溴价小于200mgBr/100g，芳烃损失小于0.5%(质量分数)，且在重整生成油全馏分的选择性加氢过程中该催化剂表现出好的稳定性。     

Study on Laboratory Method for Refining of SR Diesel Fuel

The method for refining the straight-run diesel fuel was studied in laboratory scale in order to make the acid number of diesel fraction comply with the standard while removing the naphthenic acids contained in diesel without causing environmental pollution. After comparing the effect of refining using three solvents, the isopropyl alcohol-HOA was specified as the best solvent. Meanwhile, the relationship between the acid number of diesel fraction and the amount of solvent used and the relationship between the concentration of solvent and temperature and the stability of diesel in terms of its acid number were also investigated. Experimental results had shown that when the mass fraction of the HOA-IPA solvent was 20% at a dosage of 17 mL of the solvent and a temperature of 30℃, the acid number of the refined diesel fraction was 0.015 mg KOH/g with a good stability of acidity in the diesel fraction,     

我国炼油石化产业应对石油短缺时代的科技对策思考

分析了我国石油消费的增长趋势和石油的增产潜力，指出持续增长的需求和相对稳定的产量使我国对国际石油的依存度越来越高。综合了国际能源机构、能源经济学家和石油地质学家对世界石油供应前景的预测结果，认为世界石油短缺的时代并不遥远。提出了我国炼油石化产业应对世界石油供应短缺时代的科技对策：（I）抓紧开发和完善充分利用石油资源生产运输燃料和石化原料技术；（2）开发用煤炭、石油焦、沥青制氢和炼油过程耦合的廉价氢源技术和用氢优化技术；（3）开发炼油石化过程节能降耗技术；（4）开发天然气及煤制油、甲醇制乙烯、丙烯技术；（5）开发利用生物质生产车用替代燃料、生物材料和生物化学品技术。     

高粘度指数润滑油生产工艺探讨

详细介绍了中国石油抚顺石化分公司石油一厂新区以沈阳、大庆混合原油的减二、减三线馏分油为原料,采用甲苯、甲乙酮脱蜡、糠醛精制、白土补充精制工艺生产HVI润滑油基础油的生产经验。并结合理论分析,提出了完善此类工艺的一系列建议。生产HVI200基础油,要求蒸馏减二线润滑油馏分粘度不大于4.75 mm2/s,脱蜡油粘度不大于56 mm2/s。为保证HVI200基础油粘度指数合格,要降低减二线馏分中多环环烷烃含量。     

Context-Processing Deficits in Schizotypal Personality Disorder.

Research suggests that schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is a part of the spectrum of schizophrenia-related illnesses. This article hypothesizes that a deficit in the representation and maintenance of context is a core cognitive disturbance in schizophrenia and that SPD individuals should demonstrate context-processing deficits. To test this hypothesis, the authors administered 3 versions of their AX-CPT task, designed to assess context processing, to 35 healthy controls and 26 individuals with DSM-IV SPD. They also administered working memory and selective attention tasks. SPD individuals displayed context representation deficits similar to those found in schizophrenia but did not show the same additional deficits in context maintenance. Context processing was strongly associated with working memory and selective attention performance in the SPD individuals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)